CARNUNTUM 1901

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Location

City

Petronell-Carnuntum

County

Bruck an der Leitha

Region

Niederösterreich

Country

Austria

Ancient place

Carnuntum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnuntum

Lat/Long/Alt

48.141 / 16.933 / 200.56 view

Location details

Centred on village/city

Information

5256

Permalink

https://chre.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/hoard/5256

Hoard name

CARNUNTUM 1901

Alternative names

CARNUNTUM III; PETRONELL

Data type

Hoard

Date of discovery (from)

1901

Total number of coins

110

Summary

110 denarii found in the Principia from the legionary fortress: Mark Antony - Marcus Aurelius (AD 168).

The coin data of this hoard have not yet been validated and therefore are not yet visible.

Details
Coins Summary
Coins
Rating
Archaeological context
Containers
Objects
References
Reports
Images
Credit

Discovery method

Unknown
Land Use

Cultivated Land
Disposition

Museum Carnuntinum, Bad Deutsch-Altenburg, Austria (108 coins).
Closing reign (earliest)

Marcus Aurelius
Terminal year (earliest)

168
Closing reign (latest)

Marcus Aurelius
Terminal year (latest)

168
Opening year (earliest)

-32
Opening year (latest)

-31
Coin-level data

Available to enter

The coin data of this hoard have not yet been validated and therefore are not yet visible.

Numismatic rating

Good
Context rating

Poor
Findspot rating

Excellent

Date of excavation (from)

1901
Site comment

The region of Carnuntum was settled by the Celtic tribe of the Boii in the first two centuries BC. After the Boii had settled as far as the Vienna Woods there were border disputes and military conflicts with the Dacians under King Burebista in the 40s of the first century BC, which ended in a devastating defeat of the Boii. After a short Dacian rule, the region came under the control of regnum Noricum and in 15 BC was annexed by the Romans along with the kingdom of Noricum. The first presence of the Romans in the Carnuntum area shortly after the turn of the eras is to be seen in connection with the masterplan of Augustan imperial politics in the creation of a provinceof Germania. The Illyrian occupying army of the Romans under the then general and later emperor Tiberius took part in the campaign against the Marcomanni under King Marbod. According to V. Paterculus, Carnuntum is first mentioned in AD 6, as a Celtic town, where a winter camp has been erected. The 18 ha of Carnuntum’s military camp were situated on a kind of elevated plateau on the south bank of the Danube. According to the archaeological evidence, a wood-earth camp was erected under Emperor Claudius around AD 40/50 by the legio XV Apollinaris.The building of a stone camp wall, which replaced the older wood-earth fortifications, was probably erected by soldiers of the 15th legion, as substantiated by several building blocks with inscriptions by centuries. The canabae legionis came into being, which at its largest covered a builtup area of about 120 ha during the Severan dynasty. A further military camp with a troop of 480 auxiliary cavalries was stationed here. This auxiliary fort was built in Flavian times as an almost 4 ha wood-earth camp and was reconstructed for the most part in stone during the first decades of the 2nd century AD. Under Emperor Hadrian the city was officially raised to the status of municipium Aelium Karnuntum. The city was allocated to the tribus Sergia. A first period of prosperity under the emperors Hadrian (AD 117–138) and Antoninus Pius (AD 138–161) is presented in the building of individual insulae. This period of prosperity was interrupted by the outbreak of the Marcomanni wars during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. On the 9th of April 193, the Rhine and Danube troops proclaimed as emperor L. Septimius Severus, who was at that time legatus Augusti pro praetore Pannoniae Superioris, and thus governor of Upper Pannonia. The acclamation took place in Carnuntum. Carnuntum was honoured by being raised to the status of a colonia - colonia Septimia Aurelia Antoniniana Karnuntum. In the second half of the year AD 260 Publius C(assius?) Regalianus, the governor of Illyricum or more probably of Upper Pannonia, was proclaimed anti-emperor by the Danube troops instead of the actual incumbent Emperor Gallienus (AD 253–268). But towards the end of the year Regalianus perished, presumably killed by his own troops who feared punishment by ruling Emperor Gallienus. Despite internal unrest and the threats from outside the Empire, Carnuntum continued to prosper, for west Pannonia apparently remained unharmed by invading Germanic tribes. After Diocletian and Maximianus resigned on the 1st of May AD 305, there were soon problems with the succession, which were to be solved in Carnuntum. On the 11th of November AD 308 the Emperors’ Conference took place in Carnuntum, where the aim was to uphold the tetrarchy and where Licinius was named the new Augustus of the west. In contrast to other cities, Carnuntum was very prosperous in the late 3rd and in the first half of the 4th century and enjoyed a late flourishing. Around AD 365/70, an earthquake caused great damage in the city. Features in the excavations show large-scale destruction. Emperor Valentinian I, stayed in Carnuntum in the year AD 374 The last written evidence of Carnuntum in ancient literature is to be found in Ammianus Marcellinus’ writings, where he describes the city as desertum quidem nunc et squalens, abandoned and squalid. The Huns pressed forward in the west, the Alemanni invaded Raetia on the Rhine. In AD 433 Pannonia was taken over by the Hun king Attila. The Carnuntum region was settled piecemeal during the migration of peoples, but the civilian city and the military camp with the canabae legionis became visibly deserted.
Associated features

Found on the northeastern corner of the building XXV on the via quarta. 60 denarii were densely packed on a heap, at the foot of the wall, the rest scattered in the immediate vicinity. "Groller's interpretation that the coins were concealed in a hollow or niche of the wall and coincided with the break-up of the wall was probably correct." (Ruske 2007, 399)
Recovery method

Excavation
Site class

Military

Context

Fort

Depositional context

Wall

Period

Iron Age
End period

Roman

References

Reference

FMRÖ III/1

Ref

201-203

Reference

Dembski, G. - 1977 - Die antiken Münzschatzfunde aus Österreich

Ref

17, no. C-4

Reference

Ruske, Al. - 2007 - Die Carnuntiner Schatzfunde

Ref

399-401

W. E. Metcalf dataset; K. Huber for data up to and including Nero.

Coin Hoards
of the Roman Empire

CARNUNTUM 1901

Data not added to the map

References

Coin Hoardsof the Roman Empire

CARNUNTUM 1901

Data not added to the map

References

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Coin Hoards
of the Roman Empire