BERGEN OP ZOOM 2002-2007

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Location

City

Bergen op Zoom

County

Bergen op Zoom

Region

Noord-Brabant

Country

Netherlands

Lat/Long/Alt

51.497 / 4.287 / 9.14 view

Location details

Centred on village/city

Information

12678

Permalink

https://chre.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/hoard/12678

Hoard name

BERGEN OP ZOOM 2002-2007

Alternative names

Parade

Data type

Hoard

Date of discovery (from)

2002

(to)

2007

Total number of coins

Summary

81 coins of different denominations (sestertius, dupondius, as, and 1 denarius): Claudius I - Gordian III (AD 241-243).

Details
Coins Summary
Coins
Rating
Archaeological context
Containers
Objects
References
Reports
Images
Credit

Discovery method

Controlled archaeological investigation
Discovery depth (m)

6 m -6.30 m +NAP
Land Use

Unknown
Finder(s)

Alexander van der Kallen
Closing reign (earliest)

Gordian III
Terminal year (earliest)

244
Closing reign (latest)

Gordian III
Terminal year (latest)

244
Opening year (earliest)

41
Opening year (latest)

54
Coin-level data

Not available

Fetching coin data

Numismatic rating

Good
Rating comment

Further identification on the individual coins can be done, but was not included in the published studies.
Context rating

Good
Findspot rating

Excellent

Date of excavation (from)

1998
Date of excavation (to)

2007
Site comment

In the center of Thalia Square there was a small depression in the cover sand, the bottom of which was between 6.00 m and 6.30 m + NAP. In fact, this was not an isolated depression, but an oval-shaped southward-facing bulge of an even lower site, which extended further in a northerly and northeasterly direction. A layer of pure white sand was found on the natural surface (F90). This layer was on average 25 centimeters thick and was very homogeneous in construction. Scattered through this sand were numerous shards of Roman pottery and very heavily damaged coins. The Roman material in F90 was highly fragmented. The small shards were spread vertically throughout the layer. This also applies to the coins. Direct clues to a temple on the archaeological site are scarce. Few building material has been found, and these are very fragmented. It must therefore be taken into account that there may have been an open-air shrine at the Paradeplaats without a stone temple, or that there was merely a ritual deposition in a wet context. If there had been a stone shrine in (Gallo-) Roman style, it may have been located under the Gertrude Church, directly west of the depression. Which deity was worshiped here is unknown. A terracotta figurine has been identified as the Celtic god Sucellus, but that does not necessarily mean that he is the one to whom the sanctuary is dedicated. More fragments of unidentified statues have been found. In addition more often statues of other gods and goddesses were found in temples than of the deity alone who the temple is dedicated. If the form of the offering is directly related to the deity, it worshiped, then it is not Sucellus that is the most obvious, but a deity that can be associated with trade and transport, like Mercury, for example. After all, amphorae represent the trade and transport of foodstuffs, especially fish sauce, oil and wine. The Scheldt seems to have been an important transport route in Roman times: Bergen op Zoom is the third location at the mouth of this river, where a sanctuary has been found. Many votive altars for Nehalennia have been found at Domburg and Colijnsplaat, dedicated by traders who thus redeemed their vows to this goddess. The mini amphorae from Bergen op Zoom may also be associated with traders who made a sacrifice here and begged for assistance.
Associated features

The amphora material consists of 829 fragments of at least 29 copies. Only a few can be considered with certainty as imports; from the rest, local production cannot be excluded. The remaining material consists of 14 shards of pipe clay figurines, 553 fragments of ceramic building material, 81 coins, three glass shards, some amber beads and some fragments of bone.
Recovery method

Excavation
Site class

Rural

Context

Temple or shrine

Depositional context

Pit

Period

Roman
End period

Early Medieval

Objects belonging to this hoard

Bead
Three amber beads. One of them crumbled, 2 could be restored.

Glass piece
Tiny wall fragments of blue-green glass

References

Reference

van der Kallen, A. - 2006 - Romeinse Munten achter de Gertrudiskerk

Ref

10-13

Comment

Full text is accessible through link included in the reference.

Reference

M.J.A. Vermunt, R.A.J. Niemeijer, C. van Pruissen, H.L.A. van der Kallen - 2009 - Archeologische rapporten 15: Archeologisch onderzoek ‘Parade’. Een Romeinse offerplaats onder de Middeleeuwse stad

Ref

25-70

Comment

1 Faustina’s as = cf. RIC III Marcus Aurelius 1647 1 Lucilla’s sestertius= cf. RIC III Marcus Aurelius 1736

Maike van Haeringen. Updated by C. Gazdac (July 2018; Nov. 2020; Jan. 2021). Edited by J. Jesse (September 2018). Edited by J. van Dam, M. Ciobotaru (Dec. 2020), L. Petrassi (Leiden seminar, Dec. 2021).

Coin Hoards
of the Roman Empire

BERGEN OP ZOOM 2002-2007

Data not added to the map

Objects belonging to this hoard

Bead
Three amber beads. One of them crumbled, 2 could be restored.

Glass piece
Tiny wall fragments of blue-green glass

References

Coin Hoardsof the Roman Empire

BERGEN OP ZOOM 2002-2007

Data not added to the map

Objects belonging to this hoard

Bead Three amber beads. One of them crumbled, 2 could be restored.

Glass piece Tiny wall fragments of blue-green glass

References

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Coin Hoards
of the Roman Empire

Bead
Three amber beads. One of them crumbled, 2 could be restored.

Glass piece
Tiny wall fragments of blue-green glass